Joaloka mofuta oa li-noodle, li-noodle tse foreshe le tse metsi li na le litšobotsi tsa 'mala o mocha le o bonolo, tatso e boreleli, elasticity, tatso e matla, phepo e nepahetseng le bophelo bo botle, le ho ja ho loketseng le ho hloeka.Ha li bapisoa le li-noodle tse omisitsoeng, li-noodle tse foreshe le tse metsi li na le melemo ea ho ba foreshe, tatso e ntle, le litšenyehelo tse tlase tsa tlhahiso [1].Li 'nile tsa ratoa ke batho ka linako tsohle,' me mefuta ea tsona e ntse e eketseha.Leha ho le joalo, nako ea tlhokomelo ea tatso le tatso ea li-noodle tsa setso tse mongobo hangata e khuts'oane haholo.Mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse foreshe ntle le ho ama bophelo ba sethala e ntse e le phephetso.
Phello ea Theknoloji ea Ts'ebetso ho Masticability ea Li-noodle tse Feshene tsa Metsi
Theknoloji ea setso ea ts'ebetso ea li-noodle tse ncha tsa metsi hangata li kenyelletsa ho hlajoa ha lintho tse tala le tse thusang, ho kopanya hlama, calendering e kopantsoeng, mocheso o sa khaotseng le ho tsosolosa mongobo (ho butsoa), calendering e tsoelang pele, ho khaola, ho omisa moea, sterilization (joalo ka ultraviolet sterilization), ho paka [ 2] le mekhoa e meng.
1, Phello ea Tsela ea ho Kopanya Li-noodle ho Masticability ea Li-noodle tse Fresh le tse Metsi.
Ho kopanya li-noodle ke ntlha ea bohlokoa ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso ea li-noodle tse foreshe, 'me lintlha tse kang mokhoa, nako le lebelo la ho kopanya hlama li khetholla tekanyo ea ho hasana ha hlama [3].Boleng ba ts'ebetso ea ho kopanya hlama ka ho toba bo ama boleng ba ts'ebetso e latelang le sehlahisoa sa ho qetela [2].Thepa e ka sehloohong ke mochine o kopanyang hlama.
Motsoako oa phofo ea vacuum ke sesebelisoa se tsoetseng pele sa ho kopanya phofo lilemong tsa morao tjena.Hobane khatello ea vacuum e bolokiloe ka har'a motsoako oa phofo, mocheso oa phofo oa qojoa.Ka nako e ts'oanang, metsi a letsoai a fafatsoa ka mokhoa oa moholi tlas'a khatello e mpe, 'me metsi a letsoai le phofo li kopane ka ho feletseng le ka ho lekana.Protheine ea phofo e ka monya metsi ka ho feletseng ka nako e khutšoanyane.Palo ea metsi a eketsoang e ka fihla ho 46% kapa ho feta, e etsa marang-rang a gluten a molemo ka ho fetisisa, a etsang hore li-noodle li be le elastic [2].
Li Man et al.[4] o ile a etsa liteko tsa ho kopanya vacuum, haholo-holo ho ithuta liphello tsa vacuum le holim'a thepa ea 'mele le ea lik'hemik'hale, microstructure le boemo ba mongobo oa li-noodle tse hloekileng.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ka keketseho ea vacuum, sebopeho sa li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha li ile tsa ntlafatsoa haholo (P> 0.05), empa ha vacuum e le 0.08 MPa, sebopeho sa li-noodle tse sa tsoa khuoa se ne se fokola.Ha vacuum e ne e le 0.06 MPa, li-noodle tsa metsi tse ncha li ne li bontša litšobotsi tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa sebopeho.
Ho feta moo, liphetho tsa ho lekola microscope ea elektrone li bonts'itse hore vacuum le noodle li entse hore ho be le sebopeho se tsitsitseng le se kopaneng sa li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha.Ho hlakile hore liphuputso tsa bona li bonts'a hore ho kopanya li-vacuum ho ntlafatsa ho thatafala ha li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ka hona ho ntlafatsa ho tsitsa le ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse foreshe.
Phello ea Mefuta e Fapaneng ea Masticability ea Li-Noodle Tse Feshene tsa Metsi
1, Phello ea Li-additives tsa Lijo ho Chewability ea Fresh Wet Noodles
Hona joale, li-additives tsa lijo li 'nile tsa sebelisoa haholo tšimong ea lijo, ka mefuta e mengata e fapaneng le e fapaneng.Ho na le lihlopha tse 23 tsa li-additives tsa lijo Chaena, 'me mefuta e mengata e fihlile ho feta 2000,' me tšebeliso e eketsehile selemo le selemo [6].Li-additives tse amehang ts'ebetsong ea li-noodle haholo-holo li kenyelletsa lisebelisoa tsa gluten le litokisetso tsa enzyme (joalo ka α- Amylase), joalo-joalo.
(1) Phello ea Moemeli oa Matlafatsa ho Masticability ea Li-noodle
Matla a hlama e hloekileng ea metsi a ama ka ho toba ho hlafuna ha eona ho isa tekanyong e itseng.Gluten enhancer ke mofuta oa tlatsetso ea lijo e ka amahanngoang le protheine ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea gluten le ho boloka khase.Ka hona, se matlafatsang gluten se molemo ho ntlafatsa ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse foreshe tse metsi.
1. Phofo ea gluten
Koro gluten, eo hape e tsejoang e le gluten e sebetsang, ke sehlahisoa sa phofo se fumanoang ho tsoa koro ka ho omisa, ho sila le mekhoa e meng ka mor'a hore starch le lintho tse ling tse qhibilihang ka metsi li hlatsuoe ka metsi [7].Likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa phofo ea gluten ke glutenin le gliadin, tse nang le metsi a matla a ho monya, viscoelasticity, extensibility le litšobotsi tse ling.Ke e ntlafatsang hlama e babatsehang, e sebelisoang haholo ho hlahisa bohobe, li-noodle le lihlahisoa tse ling tsa phofo.
Niu Qiaojuan et al.[8] e fumane hore ho eketsa 0.8% ea gluten ho ka ntlafatsa haholo ho thatafala le thepa e tsitsitseng ea li-noodle, le ho fokotsa tahlehelo ea ho pheha ea li-noodle.Wu Yang [9] o ile a bapisa litlamorao tsa gluten, letsoai le xanthan gum ka boleng ba ho pheha le boleng ba kutlo ba phofo e ncha e mongobo ea koro motheong oa ho lekanya karolo ea koro ea koro le kokoana ea koro ka phofo e ncha e mongobo ea koro.
Lipatlisiso tsa liteko tsa Wu Yang li fumane hore marang-rang a gluten a entsoeng pakeng tsa gluten le phofo ea koro e ka ntlafatsa haholo botsitso ba sebaka se secha sa metsi.Ha palo ea tlatsetso ea gluten e le 1.5% ~ 2.5%, litaba tsa protheine le tlhahlobo ea maikutlo ea sebaka se secha sa metsi li ntlafalitsoe haholo, haholo-holo mabapi le ho hlafuna le elasticity.
Ka hona, palo e nepahetseng ea phofo ea gluten e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba li-noodle tsa metsi tse ncha ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, e le hore li-noodle tse hloekileng li bontše ho hlafuna ho molemo.
2. Cassava modified starch, sodium alginate
Setache se fetotsoeng sa cassava se ka fumanoa ka ho fetoloa, 'me se ka sebelisoa e le setenya, se tsitsitseng, se bolokang metsi, se eketsang, joalo-joalo indastering ea lijo.
Sodium alginate ke anionic polysaccharide e ntšitsoeng kelp kapa pere ea algae e sootho.Molek'hule ea eona e entsoe ka β- D-mannuronic acid (β- Dmannuronic, M) le α- L-Guluouronic acid (α- L-guluronic, G) e kopantsoe ka ho tobetsa (1-4) linotlolo [10].Tharollo ea metsi ea sodium alginate e na le viscosity e phahameng 'me hona joale e sebelisoa e le motenya, stabilizer, emulsifier, joalo-joalo.
Mao Rujing [11] o ile a nka phofo e ncha e metsi e le ntho ea lipatlisiso, 'me a ithuta liphello tsa lisebelisoa tse tharo tsa boleng bo kang cassava modified starch, sodium alginate le gluten holim'a sebopeho sa phofo e ncha e metsi.Liphetho li bonts'itse hore ha litaba tsa setache sa cassava tse fetotsoeng e ne e le 0.5%, sodium alginate e ne e le 0.4% le gluten e le 4%, li-noodle tse ncha tse metsi li ne li e-na le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa boleng.Tshebetso e ka sehloohong e ne e le hore ho monya ha metsi ha li-noodle tsa metsi tse foreshe ho fokotsehile, athe ho thatafala, elasticity le chewability li ile tsa ntlafatsoa.
Liphetho li bonts'itse hore lisebelisoa tsa gluten tse kopaneng (tapioca modified starch, sodium alginate le gluten) li ntlafalitse ho hlafuneha ha li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha haholo.
(II) α- Phello ea Amylase ho Masticability ea Fresh Wet Noodles
e thehiloe ho α- Thepa ea amylase, Shi Yanpei et al.[12] o ithutile liphello tsa mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea α- Phello ea amylase ho boleng ba li-noodle tse hloekileng tse metsi.Liphello li bontša hore: α- Keketseho ea palo ea amylase e ekelitsoeng, haholo-holo ha α- Ha palo e eketsehileng ea amylase e ne e le 150 mg / L, ho thatafala, ho hlajoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa li-noodle tse hloekileng li ile tsa ntlafatsoa haholo, tseo le tsona li ileng tsa ntlafatsoa haholo. e bontšitse hore α- Amylase e molemo ho ntlafatsa ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse ncha tse metsi.
2, Phello ea Phofo ea Chestnut ea Chaena ho Chewability ea Li-noodle tse Feshene tse Metsi
Chestnut e na le mesebetsi e mengata ea bophelo bo botle.E na le li-unsaturated fatty acids tse ngata, tse ka laolang lipids tsa mali.Bakeng sa batho ba nang le khatello ea mali le lefu la pelo, ke lijo tse monate tsa tonic [13].E le sebaka se ka 'nang sa nka sebaka sa phofo ea koro, phofo e feletseng ea li-chestnut tsa Machaena e entsoe haholo ka lik'habohaedreite tse rarahaneng, tse nang le litšobotsi tsa index ea glycemic e tlase, e se nang gluten, e nang le protheine e phahameng [14].
Ho kenyelletsa phofo e felletseng ea chestnut ka har'a foromo ea li-noodle tsa metsi tse foreshe ho ke ke ha ntlafatsa mefuta ea li-noodle tse foreshe, empa hape ho matlafatsa boleng ba phepo ea li-noodle tse metsi.
Li Yong et al.[15] e entse liteko tsa lipatlisiso ka tšusumetso ea phofo ea chestnut ka boleng ba li-noodle tse hloekileng tse metsi.Liphello li bontšitse hore ho thatafala, ho hlafuna le ho khomarela li-noodle tse hloekileng tsa metsi li ile tsa eketseha pele 'me tsa fokotseha ka keketseho ea kakaretso ea phofo ea chestnut, haholo-holo ha kakaretso ea phofo ea chestnut e fihla ho 20%, litšoaneleho tsa eona tsa sebopeho li fihlile ka ho fetisisa.
Ho phaella moo, Li Yong et al.[16] o entse boithuto mabapi le tšilo ea setache sa in vitro ea phofo e ncha le e metsi ea chestnut.Liphello li bontšitse hore: kakaretso ea starch le digestible content ea phofo ea chestnut e ncha le e metsi ka ho eketsoa ha phofo eohle ea chestnut e fokotsehile butle-butle ka keketseho ea ho eketsoa ha phofo ea chestnut eohle.Ho eketsoa ha phofo ea li-chestnut ho ka fokotsa haholo "starch digestibility" le "sugar index" (GI) ea phofo e ncha le e metsi.Ha tlatsetso ea phofo ea chestnut kaofela e feta 20%, E ka fetola phofo e ncha ea koro e metsi ho tloha lijong tse phahameng tsa EGI (EGI> 75) ho ea ho lijo tse mahareng tsa EGI (55).
Ka kakaretso, palo e nepahetseng ea phofo ea chestnut e ka ntlafatsa ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha le ho fokotsa ts'oaetso ea starch le index ea tsoekere ea li-noodle tse hloekileng.
3, Phello ea Flour ho Chewability ea Li-noodle tse Foreshe tse Metsi
(1) Phello ea karoloana ea phofo ho hlafunoeng ha phofo e ncha e metsi
Phofo ea koro ke thepa e tala ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea phofo e hloekileng e metsi.Bopi ba koro bo nang le boleng bo fapaneng le boholo ba likaroloana (hape bo tsejoa e le phofo) bo ka fumanoa ka ho hloekisa, ho nosetsa, ho kolobisa (ho fumana koro e sililoeng), ho sila le ho hlahloba (ho ebola, motheo, slag le mohatla), ho kopanya phofo, ho paka le lits'ebetso tse ling, empa ts'ebetso ea ho sila e tla baka tšenyo ho sebopeho sa karoloana ea starch [18].
Boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa phofo ea koro ke e 'ngoe ea lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse amang boleng ba phofo e hloekileng e metsi,' me boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa phofo bo itšetlehile ka ho nepahala ha eona.
Qi Jing et al.[19] o ithutile le ho lekola sebopeho, kutlo, 'mele le lik'hemik'hale tsa phofo e ncha e metsi e entsoeng ka phofo e nang le boholo bo fapaneng.Liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa litšobotsi tsa sebopeho sa eona li bonts'a hore ho thatafala, elasticity, momahano, ho hlafuna le ho tiea ha phofo e ncha e metsi li eketsehile haholo ka keketseho ea boholo ba karolo ea phofo, haholo-holo sebopeho sa phofo e ncha e metsi e entsoeng ka phofo pakeng tsa 160 ~ Li-meshes tse 180 li fihla ho tse ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Liphetho li bonts'itse hore boholo ba lijo-thollo tsa phofo ea koro bo na le tšusumetso e kholo sebopehong sa li-noodle tse metsi tse foreshe, tse ileng tsa ama haholo ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse foreshe.
(2) Phello ea phofo e ommeng e phekotsoeng ka mocheso ho hlafunoeng ha phofo e ncha le e metsi
Phekolo e nepahetseng ea mocheso oa phofo e ke ke ea fokotsa feela mongobo ka phofo, ea bolaea likokoana-hloko le mahe ka phofo, empa hape ea thibela li-enzyme tse phofo [20].Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse amang litšobotsi tsa ho lokisa phofo ke protheine ea gluten le limolek'hule tsa starch ka phofo.Kalafo e omileng ea mocheso e tla etsa polymerize gluten, ka hona e be le tšusumetso e kholo ho litšoaneleho tsa ho lokisa phofo [21].
Wang Zhizhong [22] o ile a ithuta le ho etsa teko ea li-noodle tse foreshe le tse metsi tse entsoeng ka phofo e ommeng le e phekotsoeng mocheso.Liphetho li bontšitse hore tlas'a maemo a itseng, phofo e omeletseng le e phekotsoeng mocheso e hlile e ka ntlafatsa ho thatafala le ho hlafuneha ha li-noodle tse foreshe le tse metsi, 'me tsa fokotsa hanyenyane ho tsitsisa le ho tiea ha li-noodle tse foreshe le tse metsi.Ho thatafala ha eona le ho hlajoa ho fihlile holimo ho 120 ℃, 'me nako e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea phekolo ea mocheso bakeng sa boima e ne e le metsotso ea 60, Nako e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea phekolo ea mocheso bakeng sa mastication ke 30 min.Sena se ile sa paka hore ho hlafunoa ha phofo e ncha le e metsi ho ile ha ntlafatsoa ke phofo e omeletseng ea mocheso ho isa tekanyong e itseng.
4, Phello ea Yoghurt ho Chewability ea Li-noodle tse Foreshe tse Metsi
Yogurt ke mofuta oa sehlahisoa sa curd se hlahisoang ke ho belisoa le ho lengoa ha libaktheria tse khethehileng tsa lactic acid.E na le tatso e ntle, boleng bo phahameng ba phepo e nepahetseng, tšilo ea lijo habonolo le ho monya, 'me e ka ntlafatsa limela tsa mala le ho laola tšebetso ea mala [23].
Yogurt ha e boloke limatlafatsi tsohle tsa tlhaho tsa lebese le lecha feela, empa hape e ka hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea livithamine tse hlokahalang bakeng sa phepo ea motho nakong ea ho belisoa, joalo ka vithamine B1, vithamine B2 le vithamine B6.Ka lebaka la ho belisoa ha baktheria ea lactic acid, ha e ntse e ntlafatsa limatlafatsi, e boetse e hlahisa lintho tse sebetsang tsa 'mele, tse ka laolang mesebetsi ea' mele haholo [24].
Li Zhen et al.[25] ka boqhetseke o ile a ithuta ka tšebeliso ea yoghurt ka li-noodle tse foreshe tse metsi, 'me a etsa tlhahlobo ea sebopeho sa li-noodle tse metsi tse kentsoeng ka yoghurt.Liphetho li bontšitse hore ka keketseho ea bongata ba yoghurt e kentsoeng, ho thatafala le ho hlafuna ha li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha butle-butle li ile tsa eketseha, ha viscosity, elasticity le botsitso li fokotseha butle-butle.Ho thatafala le ho hlafuna ha li-noodle ho amana hantle le tatso ea li-noodle.Li-noodle tse nang le matla a maholo a ho kuta li matla ebile li rekere haholoanyane [26].
Ba ile ba hlahloba hore phetoho e ka bakoa ke mabaka a mabeli a latelang:
Ntlha ea pele, ka ho eketseha ha karolo ea yogurt, palo ea metsi a kenyelletsoeng ho li-noodle tse hloekileng tsa metsi a fokotseha butle-butle, 'me metsi a tlaase a tla etsa hore hlama e be thata, kahoo ho thatafala ha li-noodle tse hloekileng ho ntse ho eketseha;
Ea bobeli, ponahalo ea li-noodle tsa metsi tse foreshe e bontša boreleli ba bokaholimo ba li-noodle tse metsi tse foreshe.Ha li-viscosity li le kholoanyane, likaroloana tse ngata tsa starch tse khomaretsoeng holim'a li-noodle tse hloekileng tse metsi, 'me lintho tse ngata li lutla ka sopho nakong ea ho pheha.
Viscosity ea li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha li fokotsehile haholo ka mor'a ho eketsa yoghurt, e leng se bontšang hore ho eketsoa ha yoghurt ho ka eketsa boreleli holim'a li-noodle tse hloekileng le ho fokotsa lintho tse lutlang ka sopho nakong ea ho pheha, e leng se neng se lumellana le phello ea hore yogurt e fokolitse tahlehelo ea ho pheha. tekanyo ea li-noodle tse metsi tse ncha;
Protheine e ka har'a yoghurt e tlatselletsa protheine ka phofo, 'me mafura a ka har'a yoghurt a ntlafatsa matla a li-noodle tse hloekileng, kahoo a ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea mochini oa li-noodle tse hloekileng le ho ntlafatsa tatso ea li-noodle tse hloekileng [25].Ka hona, ka yogurt e ntlafalitse ho hlafuna li-noodle tse foreshe ho isa tekanyong e itseng, e fa batho tatso e ntle ea li-noodle tse metsi tse foreshe.
Kaha li-noodle tsa metsi tse foreshe li ntse li ratoa haholo ke bareki, batho le bona ba ela hloko tatso ea li-noodle tse foreshe.Liphuputso tsa morao-rao li bontša hore ho ntse ho e-na le mefokolo ea boleng ba li-noodle tse foreshe tse metsi, haholo-holo ntlafatsong ea ho hlafuna li-noodle tse foreshe.Ka hona, mokhoa oa ho ntlafatsa ho hlafuna, tatso le boleng ba phepo ea li-noodle tsa metsi tse foreshe ho tsoa likarolong tsa theknoloji ea ho sebetsa le ntlafatso ea foromo e ntse e le tataiso ea lipatlisiso tse ling nakong e tlang.
Nako ea poso: Nov-25-2022